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Geraldyn “Jerrie” Cobb undergoing astronaut testing. Cobb was one of thirteen women that successfully passed these tests, and this group later became known as the Mercury 13. Cobb was the first woman to complete these tests.

Myrtle Cagle undergoing astronaut testing. Here, she is shown performing the bicycle test at the Lovelace Clinic. Cagle was one of thirteen women that successfully passed these tests, and this group later became known as the Mercury 13.

Myrtle Cagle undergoing astronaut testing. Here, she is shown performing the tilt table test at the Lovelace Clinic. Cagle was one of thirteen women that successfully passed these tests, and this group later became known as the Mercury 13.

Thelma Miller, a member of the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP), standing with a plane at Avenger Field in Stillwater, Texas.

Major General Jeanne Holm was the first female general in the United States Air Force and the first female two star general in any branch of the United States Armed Forces.

Louise Sacchi was the first international ferry pilot, and she formed her own ferrying business. Pictured here is Sacchi standing in front of her aerial map, showing the paths she flew all over the world for her business. She marked her routes and…

Harriet Quimby wearing her purple satin flying suit. On August 1, 1911, Quimby was the first woman to receive a pilot's license in the United States. The next year, on April 16, 1912, she was the first woman to fly the English Channel solo.

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Phoebe Omlie wraps herself in a victory wreath as she stands in front of a plane.

Elise Owen, member of the Connecticut Civil Air Patrol, stands at attention for this photograph.

Seventeen female pilots gather for a photograph in front of a plane at the 1933 Annette Gibson Air Race.

Photo by S. O. Bancroft.